Types of Visas

Visas are categorized based on the purpose of travel and duration of stay. Below are the most common types:

1. Tourist Visa

• Issued for leisure travel, sightseeing, and visiting friends or family.
• Usually valid for short-term stays (30-90 days).
• Extension rules vary by country.
• Example: Schengen Tourist Visa, US B2 Visa, UAE Tourist Visa.

2. Business Visa

• For professionals traveling for business meetings, conferences, or trade.
• Does not permit employment in the host country.
• Example: US B1 Visa, Schengen Business Visa, China M Visa.

3. Work Visa

• Required for foreign nationals seeking employment.
• Usually sponsored by an employer.
• Can lead to permanent residency in some countries.
• Example: US H-1B Visa, UK Skilled Worker Visa, Australia Temporary Skill Shortage Visa (TSS).

4. Student Visa

• Issued to students enrolled in academic programs abroad.
• Requires proof of admission, financial support, and intent to return home after studies.
• Example: US F1 Visa, UK Tier 4 Student Visa, Canada Study Permit.

5. Transit Visa

• For travelers passing through a country en route to another destination.
• Short validity (usually 24-72 hours).
• Example: Schengen Transit Visa, US C Visa.

6. Dependent or Family Visa

• Allows family members of work or student visa holders to join them.
• Example: US H4 Visa (for H1B holders’ dependents), UK Dependent Visa.

7. Permanent Residency (PR) Visa

• For individuals seeking long-term residence in a foreign country.
• Can lead to citizenship in some cases.
• Example: US Green Card, Canada PR through Express Entry.

8. Diplomatic & Official Visa

• Issued to government officials and diplomats for official duties.
• Not for general travel or employment.

Visa Application Process

Though visa application procedures vary by country, the general steps include:

1. Determine the Visa Type – Identify the appropriate visa category based on the purpose of travel.
2. Prepare Documents – Common requirements include:
   • Valid passport
   • Visa application form
   • Passport-sized photographs
   • Proof of financial means
   • Travel itinerary and flight bookings
   • Invitation letter (if applicable)
3. Submit the Application – Apply online or visit an embassy/consulate. Some countries require third-party visa application centers (e.g., VFS, BLS).
4. Biometric & Interview (if required) – Some visas require fingerprinting and an in-person interview.
5. Pay Fees – Visa fees vary by country and type. Some offer expedited processing at an extra cost.
6. Wait for Processing – Processing times range from a few days to months.
7. Receive Visa Approval or Rejection – If approved, the visa is stamped on the passport or issued as an e-visa. Rejections may require an appeal or reapplication.

Visa-Free & Visa-on-Arrival Countries

Some countries allow certain passport holders to enter without a visa or get one upon arrival:

• Visa-Free Entry: Travelers from eligible countries do not need a visa (e.g., EU citizens can enter the Schengen Area without a visa).
• Visa-on-Arrival: Issued at the airport or border upon arrival (e.g., Thailand, Maldives for many nationalities).

Common Reasons for Visa Rejection

1. Incomplete or Incorrect Documentation
2. Insufficient Financial Proof
3. Criminal Record or Security Concerns
4. Weak Ties to Home Country (Risk of Overstaying)
5. Invalid or Expired Passport
6. Past Immigration Violations